Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are mainly spread through sexual contact. But how exactly? It is important to understand that STIs are not only transmitted through penetration; they can also be spread through oral and anal sex, as well as skin-to-skin contact. Knowing these transmission routes is crucial for preventing infections.
The different ways STIs can be contracted
- Unprotected vaginal sex: This is the most common way STIs are transmitted. When no condom or other barriers are used, bacteria and viruses can be easily transmitted from one person to another.
- Oral sex: Although often considered safe, STIs such as herpes, gonorrhoea and syphilis can also be spread through oral sex. This mainly happens when an infected partner has blisters or sores in the mouth or on the genitals.
- Anal sex: This form of sex has a higher risk of transmission of STIs, especially if no protection is used. Anal tissues are more sensitive and can tear more easily, increasing the risk of infection.
- Skin-to-skin contact: Some STIs, such as herpes and HPV (human papillomavirus), can be transmitted through direct contact with infected skin or mucous membranes, even without penetration.
Risk factors contributing to contracting STIs
Certain behaviours and circumstances increase the risk of contracting an STI. Having multiple sexual partners, not using condoms, and engaging in risky sexual practices are some of the main risk factors. Moreover, young people and those with low awareness of sexual health may be especially vulnerable.
Asymptomatic STIs: the silent threat
One of the biggest risks of STIs is that many infections are asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause noticeable symptoms. This is true, for example, of chlamydia and gonorrhoea, where many people are unaware of their infection. This asymptomatic phase can lead to serious complications, such as infertility or chronic inflammation, because infected people have no reason to get tested or treated. Therefore, it is essential to get tested for STIs regularly, even if you are not experiencing symptoms.
How can you protect yourself?
Prevention is the key to avoiding STIs. Always use condoms or dental flaps during sexual activities, get tested regularly, and communicate openly with your partners about sexual health. Education and awareness are essential to protect yourself and others.
Understanding how STIs are transmitted is the first step towards protection. By being well-informed about risks and taking preventive measures, you can take an active role in your sexual health. Be responsible, get tested and keep communication open: that's the best way to prevent STIs.
